Rhizobia are a group of gram-negative bacteria that live in the soil and are of great agricultural interest due to their ability to establish a symbiotic relationship with legume plants and provide nitrogen to them. To establish this symbiotic relationship there must be an exchange of specific signals such as secreted proteins. The secreted proteins are known as effectors and are translocated to the target cell or the outside by secretion systems. One of them is the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS). The T6SS effectors function mainly as bacteria toxin, metal transporters or virulence factors in eukaryotes. No T6SS effectors translocated to plants have been found but, in our group, we have seen the importance of the T6SS in the effective nodulation in beans. The effectors are proteins of low level of conservation. Chaperon proteins with conserved domains called adaptors help the effectors to be loaded to the T6SS and have been encoded near effectors in the T6SS clusters and also outside to the clusters. The aim of this work is to identify possible new effectors with bioinformatics pipeline outside to the main T6SS cluster. In this study, rhizobia strains from Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium and Sinorhizobium were analyzed to identify the presence of four families of T6SS adaptors such us DUF1795, DUF4123, DUF2169 and DUF2875. Adaptors of DUF4123 and DUF2169 were the most abundant and their distribution seemed to be dependent on the presence of T6SS. Analysis of genes adjacent to adaptors with DUF4123 and DUF2169 that were outside of T6SS clusters have shown two candidates as new effectors. Finally, sequence and structural homology search suggested that candidate HP1 encoded a uroporphyrinogen-III synthase in Rhizobium changzhiense, which could be a metal transporter effector. Analysis of the other candidate HP2 in Mesorhizobium sp. showed no information about its function.
Rhizobia are a group of gram-negative bacteria that live in the soil and are of great agricultural interest due to their ability to establish a symbiotic relationship with legume plants and provide nitrogen to them. To establish this symbiotic relationship there must be an exchange of specific signals such as secreted proteins. The secreted proteins are known as effectors and are translocated to the target cell or the outside by secretion systems. One of them is the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS). The T6SS effectors function mainly as bacteria toxin, metal transporters or virulence factors in eukaryotes. No T6SS effectors translocated to plants have been found but, in our group, we have seen the importance of the T6SS in the effective nodulation in beans. The effectors are proteins of low level of conservation. Chaperon proteins with conserved domains called adaptors help the effectors to be loaded to the T6SS and have been encoded near effectors in the T6SS clusters and also outside to the clusters. The aim of this work is to identify possible new effectors with bioinformatics pipeline outside to the main T6SS cluster. In this study, rhizobia strains from Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium and Sinorhizobium were analyzed to identify the presence of four families of T6SS adaptors such us DUF1795, DUF4123, DUF2169 and DUF2875. Adaptors of DUF4123 and DUF2169 were the most abundant and their distribution seemed to be dependent on the presence of T6SS. Analysis of genes adjacent to adaptors with DUF4123 and DUF2169 that were outside of T6SS clusters have shown two candidates as new effectors. Finally, sequence and structural homology search suggested that candidate HP1 encoded a uroporphyrinogen-III synthase in Rhizobium changzhiense, which could be a metal transporter effector. Analysis of the other candidate HP2 in Mesorhizobium sp. showed no information about its function. Read More
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